Examination and Diagnosis of Condylomata: All You Need to Know

External examination of the genitals can be performed in both sexes by a specialized dermatologist, who will conduct a comprehensive examination of the area to identify lesions caused by the HPV virus...

Examination and diagnosis of warts

For the correct diagnosis of warts, there are certain examinations we can perform, depending on the area we want to check.

Self-examination Self-examination is very important for the early detection of changes in our body. Usually, people notice warts when palpating the area because they do not cause itching or pain. For areas that are more difficult to get a clear view of, such as the perianal area, in addition to a mirror, we can also use the help of our sexual partner. Regarding self-examination in the anal area, we should not neglect to check the first 2-3 centimeters of the anal canal and not limit ourselves to external examination only .

Nobody knows the genital area of our body better than ourselves! For this reason, self-examination should be carried out at regular intervals.

Genital examination Genital examination, externally, can be performed on both sexes by a specialized Dermatologist - Venereologist, who will conduct a thorough examination of the area to detect lesions caused by the HPV virus, as well as differentiate them from other growths that may cause confusion. Additionally, there is the option to take a sample of the lesion, which can be sent to the laboratory for further testing.

Gynecological examination The examination for the detection of warts, both externally and internally in women, can naturally be performed by a gynecologist. A general gynecological examination is the first step in identifying potential lesions and creating a plan for their treatment.

Pap Test The Pap test is a cytological examination that can detect cellular changes in the cervix, which may be caused by the presence of the HPV virus in the body. Furthermore, with the liquid-based Pap test , an HPV-DNA test can also be performed, which allows for the identification of the viral subtype responsible for the infection. The HPV virus is known to cause cervical cancer , but the Pap test is a woman's best ally in terms of prevention and early diagnosis of such a condition.

Colposcopy Colposcopy is usually the next step after a Pap test, as it can be used to confirm the test results. Colposcopy involves the examination of the woman's lower genital tract using a special microscope. In this way, we can identify the area with lesions , take a biopsy sample, and intervene therapeutically if deemed necessary.

Genital Examination (Men) For men, genital examination can be performed by a Dermatologist - Venereologist , on the entire surface of the inguinal region, the scrotum, and the perianal area. The most common locations for genital warts in men are typically visible, with the shaft and glans of the penis making diagnosis easy. However, there are also several cases where they may be located in the inguinal areas, the perineum (the area between the testicles and the anus), and may also be covered by hair in the area, conditions that make diagnosis more difficult.

Doctor's tip: There are no taboo areas for men either. Warts can be transmitted throughout the perigenital area either through sexual practices or shaving.

Anorectal Examination Proctoscopy Proctoscopy is a suitable examination for both genders and is performed using a proctoscope. It involves a small, usually plastic tube, which is inserted into the anus, and with the aid of a light source, the entire anal canal is examined for the presence of lesions . If the doctor identifies anything, there is a possibility to take a tissue sample , which will undergo histopathological examination. Furthermore, during proctoscopy, treatment of discovered lesions can also be performed, most commonly with a Co2 laser. Proctoscopy - Rectoscopy Anal Pap test (anal pap test) The anal Pap test is similar to the classic Pap test. It involves inserting a cotton swab into the anal canal, where, by rotating it, a sample is taken from the walls. The sample is sent to the laboratory for analysis to identify the cause of the lesion, and if it is due to an HPV infection, it can also provide the virus subtype. Anal Pap Test High Resolution Anoscopy (HRA) This is a specialized technique, similar to colposcopy. Using a microscope, the anal canal is examined to identify areas with lesions . If a lesion is found, a sample is taken and sent for biopsy. H.R.A. – High Resolution Anoscopy, is capable of detecting a greater number of abnormalities than the Pap test, but it is quite uncomfortable, time-consuming, and expensive.

Oropharyngeal Examination An examination of the oropharynx is performed, with the option for a swab to be taken, similar to a Pap test, which will be further analyzed in the laboratory. Depending on the result of the laboratory examination of the sample, we can implement the appropriate treatment for the management of lesions, or schedule a follow-up appointment.